Dangerous Goods
Dangerous goods for transport
Dangerous goods are generally referred to as goods that may cause explosions and fires during transportation, loading, unloading, and storage operations, and may pose a risk to people’s health, property, and the environment.
Dangerous goods are divided into 9 categories according to their characteristics and type of risk.
- Explosives
- Gases
- Flammable Liquids
- Flammable Solids
- Oxidizing Substances
- Toxic & Infectious Substance
- Radioactive Material
- Corrosive
- Miscellaneous Dangerous Good
First class - Explosives
This group of explosives are materials that have the possibility of a strong explosion. Example: plastic explosives, dynamite and detonators
Class 1-2 nitrate compounds - cellulose nitrate and potassium nitrate
This group of explosives are substances that have the possibility of explosion. But their explosive power is less than the previous group. Example: bombs, grenades, military ammunition
Class 1-3 nitrogenous compounds
This group of explosives explodes in mass due to contact with fire, these materials release projectile materials and parts when they explode. Example: fireworks
Class 1-4 Chloride compounds
This group of explosives burn strongly and produce thick smoke, but the risk of explosion of these materials is less than the previous groups or there is no risk of explosion at all.
Class 1-5 Burners
This group of explosives produce toxic substances when burning, the risk of explosion is low in this group.
Ammunition class 1-6
This group of materials must be in the vicinity of the flame for some time to heat up and explode. There is less risk of mass explosion in this group. This group produces explosives and projectiles.
Class 1-7 Inflammable substances
This group of explosive materials have risks including flammability or poisoning, these materials must be exposed to flame or heat for some time to explode completely.
Class 1-8 radiological explosives
This group of explosive materials have risks including flammability or poisoning, these materials must be exposed to flame or heat for some time to explode completely.
Class 1-9 Metal powder
This group of non-explosive materials contains metal powder such as magnesium, aluminum or zinc powder.
Second class (gases)
Dangerous goods of this class include pressurized gases, liquefied gases or soluble gases under pressure.
Class 2.1 flammable gases
Gases are said to ignite in the air and cause fire or increase flames. Gases of this group include hydrogen, acetylene, LNG and LPG
Class 2.2 non-flammable and non-toxic gases
Gases under pressure that are neither flammable nor poisonous are called. The gases of this group include nitrogen, carbon dioxide, compressed air, helium. Some of the gases in this class cause the risk of suffocation, for example, nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide.
Class 2.3 Toxic gases
There are gases that can cause death or serious injury if inhaled. In addition to toxic properties, they have other properties such as flammability, oxidation or corrosion. The gases of this group include: methyl bromide, ammonia gas, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
Third class - flammable liquids
Flammable liquids produce vapors that can ignite in the air if there is a source of spark production.
Fourth class of flammable solids
This group of substances with the potential of spontaneous combustion, as well as in the vicinity of water, produce flammable gas itself. Materials in this group are easily flammable and can cause fire.
Class 1-4 flammable solids
Materials that are easily ignited and combustible. Examples: nitrocellulose, phosphors, matches and picric acid
Class 4-3 hazardous solids that emit flammable gases in contact with water.
Examples: coal, cotton and white phosphorus
Class 4-3 hazardous solids that emit flammable gases in contact with water.
Contains solids that form flammable gases in contact with water. Example: aluminum phosphide and calcium carbide
The fifth class of oxidizing substances
Class 5-1 oxidizing substances
Oxidizing substances are substances that are not flammable by themselves, but by obtaining oxygen, they cause the ignition of other substances. Example: ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate
Class 5-2- organic peroxides
These materials are thermally unstable and tend to react dangerously with other materials. Example: benzoyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketene peroxide
The sixth class of toxic substances
Class 6-1 - toxic substances
Substances in this group can cause death or serious injury if swallowed, inhaled or in contact with the skin. They also have other risks such as flammability or corrosiveness. All toxic substances emit toxic gases in the vicinity of fire.
Class 6-2- Infectious substances
Infectious substances are substances containing pathogenic agents that can cause disease in humans and animals.
7th class of radioactive materials
Radioactive materials are materials that have radioactive radiation and due to the extremely dangerous nature of these objects, there are special rules for their transportation and storage with special labels.
8th grade of corrosive substances
Corrosive substances are substances that, in case of contact with living tissues, damage them through chemical reactions, and swallowing or inhaling the vapor of such substances causes poisoning. As a result of contact with other materials, they cause damage to metals, other goods and even transportation means.
9th class other dangerous substances and products
Miscellaneous dangerous goods are substances that pose a risk during transport and are not covered by other classes.
Leave a Reply